Comparison of aflatoxins contamination levels in betel nuts (Areca catechu L.) imported from Asian countries

Table 3 Incidence of aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) in betel nuts obtained from India, Indonesia and Sri Lanka

Country	Tested samples	Positive samples n (%)	Number of samples in AFs concentration range, µg/kg					Average (µg/kg)	Range (µg/kg)
Country	Tested samples	Positive samples n (%)	NF	< 4	4 to 20	21 to 50	> 50	Average (µg/kg)	Range (µg/kg)
India	80	77 (96.3)	3 (3.8)	6 (7.5)	2 (2.5)	26 (32.5)	43 (53.8)	76.11 ± 1.12	1.18‒331.57
Indonesia	39	39 (100)	0	2 (5.1)	0	9 (23.1)	28 (71.8)	123.76 ± 1.25	1.88‒378.94
Sri Lanka	24	24 (100)	0	0	2 (8.3)	11 (45.8)	11 (45.8)	47.95 ± 0.98	4.74‒106.58
Total	143	140 (97.9)	3 (2.1)	8 (5.6)	4 (2.8)	46 (32.2)	82 (57.3)	84.38 ± 1.09	1.18‒378.94

All measurements were made in triplicate and reported as mean ± SD
NF not found within the detectable limit (≥ 1 µg/kg)
The aflatoxins contamination in various countries was significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 according to analysis using ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc analysis (F-value = 68.5428; Degree of freedom = 462; p-value = 0.004)

ISSN: 2048-7010