Factors affecting market outlet choice of wheat producers in North Gondar Zone, Ethiopia

Table 2 MVP model estimation for determinants of wheat producer’s outlet choice

Variables	Coefficients (channel choice equation)
Variables	Assembler (1)	Wholesaler (2)	Retailer (3)	Consumer (4)
Age of household in years	− 0. 027**	0.005	− 0.002	0.015
Literacy status of household	− 0.017	0.502**	0.442**	− 0.460**
Total land size in ha	0.434*	− 0.347	0.581**	− 0.500**
Crop productivity (yield/ha)	− 0.022	0.030	− 0.001	− 0.030
Total livestock holding (in TLU)	− 0.077*	− 0.003	0.061	0.002
Access to credit	− 0.855***	0.007	0.154	− 0.040
Non-farm income	0.306	− 0.082	− 0.544**	0.554**
Distance to nearest market in km	− 0.083	− 0.054	− 0.120	0.048
Constant	1.354*	− 1.680**	− 1.533**	0.301
Predicted probability	0.308	0.765	0.255	0.347
ρ ₂₁		− 0.147
ρ ₃₁		− 0.361***
ρ ₄₁		− 0.398***
ρ ₃₂		− 0.157
ρ ₄₂		− 0.271**
ρ ₄₃		− 0.030
Wald Chi² (32)		79.09***
Likelihood ratio test of independence ρ₂₁ = ρ₃₁ = ρ₄₁ = ρ₃₂ = ρ₄₂ = ρ₄₃ = 0, Chi² (6) = 32.65***
Joint probability (success)		0.005
Joint probability (failure)		0.077

Dependent variable is outlet choice; ***, ** and * are statistically significant at 1%, 5% and 10% level of significance, respectively