From: Agricultural extension and its effects on farm productivity and income: insight from Northern Ghana
Variable | Regression on covariates | Regression on propensity scores | Heckman treatment effect | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | SE | Coefficient | SE | Coefficient | SE | |
ACDEP extension | 0.135 | 0.120 | 0.113c | 0.063 | 1.113a | 0.192 |
ACDEP pscore | 3.663a | 0.749 | ||||
Distance to local market | − 0.142a | 0.029 | − 0.136a | 0.036 | ||
Distance to regional market | − 0.037b | 0.014 | − 0.019 | 0.088 | ||
Gender of household head | 0.165 | 0.138 | 0.136 | 0.131 | 0.209 | 0.121 |
Formal education | 0.009 | 0.011 | 0.024b | 0.007 | 0.014a | 0.012 |
Household size | 0.091a | 0.011 | − 0.117a | 0.011 | 0.097a | 0.012 |
Farming experience | 0.002 | 0.006 | 0.021a | 0.007 | − 0.008 | 0.006 |
Access to credit | 0.052 | 0.159 | 0.801a | 0.232 | 0.179b | 0.018 |
Membership of FBO | 0.138 | 0.137 | 0.030 | 0.122 | 0.309a | 0.049 |
Number of maize farm plots | 0.106 | 0.093 | 0.319b | 0.125 | − 0.025 | 0.107 |
Farm size (maize) | 0.345a | 0.043 | 0.217a | 0.048 | 0.312a | 0.048 |
Constant | 6.228a | 0.206 | 5.596a | 0.235 | 6.040 | 0.234 |
Adjusted R-squared | 0.535 | 0.585 | ||||
Lambda | 0.632 | 0.107a | ||||
LR Chi2(1) = 13.43 | 0.000* | |||||
Breusch–Pagan/Cook–Weisberg test | ||||||
Chi2(1) | 0.380 | 0.240 | ||||
Prob > Chi2 | 0.538 | 0.622 | ||||
VIF (mean) | 1.390 | 2.65 | ||||
Observations | 200 | 200 | 200 |