Fig. 3
High temperature; A Critical thermal maxima (CTmax) and B upper lethal temperature (ULT), and low temperature; C Critical thermal minima (CTmin), and D lower lethal temperature (ULT) for field collected Tuta absoluta F1 applied for a 2-hour duration for 0–100% survival. CTmin and CTmax were conducted on both larvae and adult while lethal temperature assays were only conducted on adults (the migratory stage)