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Table 5 Lethal contents and co-toxicity coefficients of binary combinations of Plectranthus glandulosus leaf powder with Hymenocardia acida wood ash on Sitophilus zeamais under fluctuating laboratory conditions (temp. = 22.76 ± 2.02 °C; r.h. = 69.87 ± 9.93%)

From: Effectiveness of binary combinations of Plectranthus glandulosus leaf powder and Hymenocardia acida wood ash against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Products

Slope

R 2

LC50(95% FL) (g/kg)

LC95(95% FL) (g/kg)

Co-toxicity coefficient (CTC)

Significance of CTC

χ2

3 days

       

P. glandulosus

0.980 ± 0.253

0.973

213.694 (87.601; 2902)a

  

1.523ns

H. acida

0.569 ± 0.199

0.966

135.326 (50.483; 18,401)a

  

0.289ns

75PG25HA

0.728 ± 0.193

0.923

34.119 (21.812; 99.052)

6180 (766.378; 4,210,605)a

547.111

Synergistic

0.622ns

50PG50HA

0.525 ± 0.188

0.924

25.278 (14.683; 132.309)

34,126 (1340; 3.453E12)a

21.414

Antagonistic

0.349ns

25PG75HA

0.925 ± 0.194

0.904

24.774 (17.920; 42.318)

1485 (377.425; 38,229)a

601.378

Synergistic

1.342ns

7 days

       

P. glandulosus

0.908 ± 0.231

0.999

166.041 (73.016; 1706)

  

0.121ns

H. acida

0.826 ± 0.210

0.988

1.946 (0.280; 3.910)

190.821 (73.336; 3007)a

  

0.323ns

75PG25HA

0.483 ± 0.188

0.848

18.166 (9.275; 69.952)

45,817 (1355; 7.715E15)a

41.394

Antagonistic

0.564ns

50PG50HA

0.946 ± 0.195

0.973

6.798 (3.711; 9.538)

372.549 (138.058; 3695)a

56.589

Antagonistic

0.217ns

25PG75HA

0.851 ± 0.191

0.942

10.816 (6.810; 15.197)

928.122 (249.182; 26,174)a

23.896

Antagonistic

0.545ns

14 days

       

P. glandulosus

1.088 ± 0.198

0.976

28.645 (21.379; 46.464)

928.767 (306.688; 9366)a

  

0.8263ns

H. acida

1.268 ± 0.249

0.929

1.936 (0.618; 3.316)

38.341 (25.041; 91.006)

  

0.195ns

75PG25HA

0.769 ± 0.199

0.981

3.036 (0.605; 5.481)

416.348 (124.349; 15,575)a

212.073

Synergistic

0.085ns

50PG50HA

1.00 ± 0.222

0.861

1.967 (0.459; 3.634)

86.344 (44.754; 415.547)a

3.937

Antagonistic

0.986ns

25PG75HA

1.381 ± 0.255

0.896

2.175 (0.837; 3.509)

33.773 (23.036; 70.093)

116.067

Additive

0.583ns

  1. nsP > 0.05; *: P < 0.05
  2. aThe LC values were obtained by extrapolation