Table 1 Error correction model results of real GDP, long-term coefficients estimated by country

Benin

0.676554***

(0.067008)

1.524916***

(0.030789)

1.189156***

(0.028032)

0.999772

52,651.13***

Burkina Faso

1.263994***

(0.045216)

1.178241***

(0.038701)

0.941068***

(0.040169)

0.999835

72,825.43***

Cote d’Ivoire

1.00010***

(6.63E−08)

1.00000***

(8.88E−08)

1.00000***

(2.61E−08)

0.999988

1.71E+15***

Cabo Verde

0.977243***

(0.065816)

0.987352***

(0.023712)

1.006853***

(0.005146)

0.999981

543,889.9***

Ghana

1.075374***

(0.116254)

1.117078***

(0.086644)

1.065737***

(0.084165)

0.999399

19,405.17***

Guinea

1.166375***

(0.269010)

1.254997***

(0.117791)

0.978375***

(0.054390)

0.994176

1422.598***

Gambia, The

1.242085***

(0.150098)

0.961073

(0.353816)

0.872697***

(0.096593)

0.995638

1997.257***

Guinea-Bissau

1.099913***

(0.074936)

0.718737***

(0.256789)

1.108949***

(0.083183)

0.998514

8065.76***

Liberia

0.977561***

(0.010922)

0.994136***

(0.013594)

1.00468***

(0.010078)

0.999859

85,063.05***

Mali

1.219808***

(0.047679)

1.285884***

(0.082643)

0.926359***

(0.058848)

0.999763

50,710.71***

Niger

0.999581***

(0.001928)

1.005149***

(0.003760)

0.999959***

(0.001678)

0.999998

5,313,450***

Nigeria

1.043199***

(0.031625)

0.966397***

(0.026143)

1.016225***

(0.005129)

0.999971

348,523.3***

Sierra Leone

0.99564***

(0.015210)

1.033609***

(0.023975)

1.120806***

(0.023778)

0.999758

49,615.86***

Senegal

0.82589***

(0.136828)

1.741442***

(0.183018)

1.000171***

(0.080301)

0.999452

21,885.52***

Togo

1.00000***

(3.34E−08)

1.00001***

(9.12E−08)

1.00001***

(2.13E−08)

0.999999

3.24E+15***