Table 4 Comparison of phasmid species known to outbreak

Diapheromera femorata

Young nymphs on low growing plants: beaked hazel, rose, juneberry, sweetfern, blueberry, strawberry. older nymphs/adults: black oaks, basswood, wild cherry and less preferred: quaking aspen, paper birch, hickory, locust, apple, chestnut [45].

150

3 per day [45]

2.5″–3.5″ [45]

Eggs hatch May/June, Adulthood late July/August, mating a week later, egg lying until October. In north of range eggs double diapause and there are two broods, further south eggs hatch year following oviposition [45]

Didymuria violescens

Various species of Eucalyptus (see species report)

200

1–5 per day [27]

357 (mated) 401 (virgin)

([146] laboratory)

Approx 3″ [27]

Egg hatches in spring (October–December) after 6–18 month diapause. Five nymphal stages from 1 to 3 weeks each [27]

Podacanthus wilkinsoni

Various species of Eucalyptus

120 mm [85]

Eggs remain dormant until spring, or spring the following year. Insects mature the same year they emerge from the egg