Figure 1

Diagram illustrating how climate-smart agriculture can be utilised as an agent for developing resilience, mitigation and adaptation within the socioecological system. Although not exclusively within the purview of climate-smart agriculture (CSA), ‘adaptation and mitigation’ in this figure are implied to be derived from an iterative CSA strategy. Adaptation and mitigation affect ‘drivers of change’ to diminish existing ‘vulnerabilities to climate change’ in the socioecological system, leading to the long-term goals of CSA in ‘desired outcomes’. The arrow between CSA and ‘science and policy’ indicates the vital role of novel science–policymaking partnerships and science-based actions in CSA.