Table 3 Selected publications presenting constraints to home gardening

Limited access to agricultural inputs such as seeds, planting material, tools, and capital

Brownrigg [21]; Niñez [83]; Talukder et al. [72]; Fernandes and Nair [46]

Shortage of land and lack of land tenure security

Hoogerbrugge and Fresco [11]; Fernandes and Nair [46]; Jose and Shanmugaratnam [132]; Howard [104]

Inadequate access to water

Thaman [133]; Niñez [83]; tho Seeth et al. [35]

Damage due to insect pests, diseases, animals, and theft

Thaman [133]; Brownrigg [21]; Niñez [83]; Pandey et al. [103]

Poor environmental conditions

Howard [104]; Marsh [9]

Lack of knowledge, information, and advisory services

Thaman [133]; Hoogerbrugge and Fresco [11]

Shortage of family or hired labor

Howard [104]; Fernandes and Nair [46]

Poor soil fertility and soil erosion

Howard [104]; Thaman [133]

Limited access to quality livestock breeds

Brownrigg [21]; Mitchell and Hanstad [20]

Limited marketing opportunities

Howard [104]

Excessive post-harvest losses

Okafor and Fernandes [30]

Inadequate research and development on home gardens

Evers, et al. [134]

Social and cultural Barriers

Marsh [9]; Ninez [83]; Miura et al. [135], Talukder et al. [72]

Lack of information on nutritional benefits of home gardening

Miura et al. [135]; Talukder et al. [72]