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Table 1 The assumptions used to select GM estimates a

From: Landscape diversity and the resilience of agricultural returns: a portfolio analysis of land-use patterns and economic returns from lowland agriculture

Land use

Assumptions for GM from the pocketbooks

Dairy

Average GM for average stocking rate (two cows per hectare) of Holstein Friesians

Managed grass (beef)

Lowland average GM for average spring and winter calving (single suckling)

Unmanaged grass (beef)

Upland average GM for average spring and winter calving (single suckling)

Sheep

Lowland average GM for average spring and winter calving

Hay, silage

Silage sales minus silage costs

Barley

Average GM for winter barley

Maize

Average GM for fodder maize

Wheat

Average GM for winter-sown wheat

Cereal (spring)

Average GM for spring-sown cereals (wheat, barley, and oats)

Cereal (winter)

Average GM for winter-sown cereals (wheat, barley, and oats)

Field beans, peas

Average GM for winter-sown beans and dried peas

Horticulture

Average GM for carrots, onions, and broad beans

Linseed

Average GM for linseed

Potatoes

Average GM for maincrop potatoes

Oilseed rape

Average GM for winter-sown oilseed rape

Sugar beet

Average GM for sugar beet

  1. Abbreviations: GM, gross margin.
  2. aSources: John Nix Farm Management Pocketbooks and the UK Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs [57].