Table 1 Carbon dioxide equivalent emission reduction potential and cost and resource savings through smallholder biogas units
From: Integrated food–energy systems for climate-smart agriculture
Type | CO2e emission reductions (tons per year) | Savings | References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Domestic energy replacement | Manure management | Synthetic fertilizer replacement | Domestic energy | Fertilizer replacement | ||
Household, Vietnam (1) | 2.15 | – | 0.08 | – | US$77.57/year | [39] |
Household, Vietnam (2) | 2.9 | 2.1 | 0.5 | US$ 120/year | – | [41] |
National potential, Vietnam | 630 million | – | 3.14 million | – | US$673.4 million/year | |
Household, Nepal | – | – | – | 2 to 3 tons of wood/year | – | [38] |
Household, China | 5 | US$ 5 (wood);US$ 158 (coal)/year | [40] | |||
30 million units, China (2005) | 150 million | 2.2 million tons of coal; 2.1 million tons of wood; 5 million tons of straw/year | – | Liu (2008) cited in [40] | ||
National potential, China | – | – | – | 93 million tons of coal/year | – | [40] |