Is agricultural digitization a reality among smallholder farmers in Africa? Unpacking farmers' lived realities of engagement with digital tools and services in rural Northern Ghana

Table 8 Chi-square for farmers perceptions about digital services

Variable (n = 1565)	χ²	p	Cramers V
Gender	21.504	< 0.001**	0.117
Age	6.375	0.383	0.045
Duration in Farming	11.33	0.023**	0.060
Household size	6.132	0.409	0.044
Farm Size	8.482	0.388	0.052
Level of education	25.134	0.005**	0.090
Farming system	9.487	0.148	0.055
Commercial status	1.648	0.800	0.023
Income	66.203	< 0.001**	0.145
Business status	0.190	0.910	0.011
Membership of association	8.301	0.016**	0.073
Access to extension/Vert services	10.401	0.006**	0.082
Phone ownership	0.283	0. 868	0.013

χ² tests indicate differences are statistically significant at 95% when p < 0.05
Perception about service: I belief digital technologies and services are good for our farming practices 1. True 2. False 3. Not sure
Digital tools and services are the way forward for my farming activities 1. True 2. False 3. Not sure
*p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01

ISSN: 2048-7010