Criteria | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
---|---|---|
Population | ||
Program participants that were located in a L&MIC in the first year of implementation3 | Studies focused on niche populations, such as athletes or the military | |
Impact evaluations with at least one effect size for an L&MIC country population | Efficacy studies, unless they were completed in a sufficiently real-world setting | |
Studies focused on the prevention of clinical conditions | Studies targeting participants with a clinical condition | |
Studies focused on high-income country migrant populations in L&MICs and vice versa | ||
Intervention | ||
Interventions that directly intervene on an aspect of the food system within its three primary domains: the food supply chain, the food environment and consumer behavior | Interventions not in the food system or interventions targeting drivers of the food system without an explicit food system focus | |
Studies evaluating multiple food systems interventions | Unconditional cash transfer programs | |
Interventions focused on the financing of a food systems intervention | ||
Comparisons | ||
Appropriate comparisons included: business as usual, an alternative treatment, no treatment or an early-versus-late comparison (where those that took part in earlier years are compared to those that took part in later years) | Studies that did not justify and make use of an appropriate comparison group |