From: Agricultural extension and its effects on farm productivity and income: insight from Northern Ghana
Description of variables | Participants | Non-participants | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SE | Mean | SE | |
Dependent variables | ||||
Maize productivity/yield (kg/ha) | 1811.27 | 179.49 | 1511.24 | 122.87 |
Maize farm income (total sales in GH¢ per ha) | 1177.33c | 116.67 | 982.3 | 79.86 |
Total household income (GH¢) | 13,710.85a | 183.43 | 8239.94 | 1158.60 |
Total household income per capita (GH¢) | 2222.01a | 313.36 | 788.04 | 90.04 |
Explanatory variables | ||||
Socio-economic characteristics | ||||
Gender of the household head (dummy; 1 = male, 0 otherwise) | 0.69a | – | 0.46 | – |
Age of the household head (years) | 40.65 | 11.11 | 41.69 | 10.44 |
Household size (count) | 6.17a | 0.545 | 10.45 | 5.86 |
Number of years in formal education (years) | 6.35 | 0.58 | 5.73 | 0.59 |
Number of years in crop farming | 19.89 | 11.57 | 20.72 | 12.06 |
Plot characteristics | ||||
Number of maize plots (count) | 1.25b | 0.66 | 1.47 | 0.611 |
Farm size (farmland allocated to maize cultivation in ha) | 2.14a | 2.03 | 1.3 | 0.75 |
Institutional factors | ||||
Access to credit | 0.28 | – | 0.07 | – |
Farmer-based organization | 0.66 | Â | 0.73 | Â |
Distance to local market (kilometres) | 14.13c | 10.22 | 16.08 | 12.12 |
Distance to regional market (kilometres) | 24.32 | 11.34 | 23.23 | 14.56 |